Gateway Arch

The Gateway Arch in downtown St. Louis, Missouri, is another very recognizable landmark in the United States. The Gateway Arch was built as part of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Park, which was established to commemorate Thomas Jefferson’s role in the Louisiana Purchase, which cleared the way for Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore the western part of what is now the United States. The Gateway Arch was designed by architect Eero Saarinen, who was also known for his design work on the Main Terminal at the Washington-Dulles International Airport, not far from where I live in Washington, DC, area.

I visited the Gateway Arch briefly during my coast-to-coast road trip with my brother tracing the historic Route 66 through St. Louis. We only visited the grounds of the Gateway Arch since we were under tight schedule for our trip. One activity that you could do if you visit the Gateway Arch with some time to spare is to take the elevator up inside the Arch. You can also visit the Museum of Westward Expansion to learn more about the history of land exploration in the Old West.

The photo below was taken from the grounds near the base of the Arch. Because of the size of the Arch, I had to take the photo in an angle to capture the whole Arch within the frame.

Gateway Arch

Mount Rushmore

In addition to the 58 national parks that were set aside to preserve the nature in the United States, there are also other properties managed by the National Park Service for other reasons, such as monuments or historical sites that are preserved to commemorate historical events or figures. In the next few days, I will add posts about some of these places that I’ve visited.

The first one to mention is a monument located within few hours from the Badlands National Park in South Dakota, Mount Rushmore National Memorial. This monument is a sculpture of four American presidents on a granite mountain — very recognizable monument, though given its location in South Dakota, unless you happen to pass the area during a road trip or you live in the state, chances are that you’ve never seen this monument in person. In fact, initially the idea of building this monument was to increase tourism to the state of South Dakota.

The four presidents represented on the monument — George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt — were selected by sculptor Gutzon Borglum to represent the first 150 years of American history, and because of their role in preserving the Republic and expanding its territory. The figures were originally supposed to be carved head to waist, but it ended up to be only the heads due to insufficient funding.

I visited Mount Rushmore during a road trip from Rapid City to the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. We only stopped briefly at the monument to take photos from a couple of different angles, but it was quite neat to see such a familiar monument in person.

The photo below was taken at one of our stops near the monument. You can see the highway in front of the monument and a couple of visitors walking (to give you scale comparison for the size of the monument).

Mount Rushmore

Badlands

Badlands National Park in South Dakota features landscape that may not conform to everyone’s idea of beautiful, but the scenery there is certainly dramatic and other-worldly. Weather erosion caused the cliffs on the Badlands Wall to have jagged edges, and mixed with prairie land around, it provides very unique and somewhat surreal landscape. This national park is also known to have one of the riches fossil beds in the world where many unique fossil species had been discovered. The national park’s prairie area is also home for some wildlife, including bison, deer, pronghorn antelope, prairie dog, and black-footed ferret.

I visited the Badlands National Park during a drive from Pine Ridge Indian Reservation at the south of the park on the way to Rapid City, South Dakota. The drive through Badlands took us through very dramatic scenery with towering jagged cliffs around, and at times going through a vast prairie land where we could see a herd of pronghorn antelopes and prairie dog city in the distance.

The photo below was taken from the front passenger seat while we were driving inside the park. Someone on flickr commented on this photo saying that the jagged cliffs looked like serrated knife edge. It’s definitely a unique scenery that you can’t find elsewhere.

Badlands

Yellowstone

Yellowstone National Park is located in the Northwest corner of Wyoming and a little bit into Idaho and Montana. It is the first national park ever established in the world in 1872. The park is known for its wildlife (including bison, elk, deer, moose, pronghorn, coyote, wolf, grizzly bear, black bear, mountain lion, eagle, osprey, and many more) and the geothermal features (geysers, mud pots, hot springs, including the famous Old Faithful geyser). This park also has many other features that makes it a wonderland for outdoor enthusiasts — forests, mountain ranges, lakes, rivers, canyons, waterfalls.

I visited Yellowstone as part of a road trip to Wyoming along with a visit to the Grand Teton National Park nearby. Yellowstone National Park area is quite large that we decided to cover different areas of the park on each of the two days that we spent in the area. The first day we covered the western part of the park, driving north all the way to Mammoth Hot Springs area (about 51-mile drive). The second day, we covered the eastern part of the park to the Grand Canyon of Yellowstone area, and then drove back in a loop through the Old Faithful area. We did see some of the major features like the Old Faithful Geyser, the Grand Prismatic Spring, Mammoth Hot Springs, and the Grand Canyon of Yellowstone, but during the two days we could only do mostly driving around with occasional stops to visit overlooks and sights.

From wildlife viewing perspective, we were so excited to see a herd of bison not long after we entered the park, but by the middle of our first day, the bison were seen everywhere (including some that caused traffic jam as they walked on the road and took their time with a long line of tourists waiting). It’s hard to believe that the bison once roamed around everywhere all over United States (numbered between 25-60 millions by estimates at one point), but in the 19th century they were hunted to almost extinction. The herd in Yellowstone National Park was the last free ranging bison herd in the United States, and at one point there were only 23 of them left. Now there are about 3,700 of them in the park, a testament of how the National Park helped bringing back the bison from endangered species status.

We also saw one black bear from a distance, several herds of elk, and a couple of moose. Unfortunately we did not see any grizzly bear or other animals that you probably have better chance of encountering when you go on a hike into the forest trails. The coolest wildlife encounter was one that was totally unexpected. When we were driving back towards Jackson Hole after dark on the second night, at one point we noticed an animal walked across the road in the distance. We slowed down and stopped, and when we looked to the side of the car, we saw a wolf pausing after crossing the road and looking at our car. For a few moment, we just looked at wolf in awe, and before we could get our cameras to take a snapshot, the wolf continued its trek and disappeared into the darkness.

The photo below was taken near the Mammoth Hot Springs at the north part of the park. You could see part of the geothermal features nearby, and in the distance you can see the resort area in the valley and the wide open country in the background.

Yellowstone Country near Mammoth Hot Springs

Grand Teton

Grand Teton National Park is located on the Western part of Wyoming. Its main features are the picturesque mountain peaks, the nearby Snake River area, its many lakes, and the wildlife that include the elk, bison, and moose. Most visitors stay at the nearby town of Jackson Hole that is also known as a ski destination during the winter time. Yellowstone National Park is less than an hour north of the Grand Teton.

I visited the Grand Teton as part of a road trip to check out both this park and Yellowstone. We stayed in Jackson Hole, and did a river sightseeing trip on the Snake River (much tamer alternative to whitewater rafting). We were able to observe some wildlife (birds) and enjoyed the scenery from the river. We also drove around the park on the way to Yellowstone – stopping by to see some of the lakes with pristine water that you could see reflection of the mountain on the water and the pebbles at the bottom of the lake. And near sunset, we saw a herd of elk out in the distance.

The photo below was taken around sunset from an overlook where you could see the mountains in the distance and the Snake River meandering in front. This is a classic photograph that must have influenced many shots and landscape drawings; I remember when I was little, in the art class drawing mountains included the meandering river coming from the distance.

Grand Teton